India

Officially known as the Republic of India, it is a country in South Asia that became independent in 1947. India is the world's seventh-largest country by area and has been the most populous country and the world's most populous democracy since 2023. Bounded by the Indian Ocean to the south, the Arabian Sea to the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal to the southeast, India shares land borders with Pakistan, China, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, and Myanmar.

Its history traces back to the arrival of modern humans on the subcontinent over 55,000 years ago, leading to the emergence of settled life and the Indus Valley Civilisation. The country adopted its constitution in 1950, establishing itself as a sovereign, socialist, secular, and democratic republic with a Westminster-style parliamentary system. India operates a developing mixed economy, ranking as the world's fourth-largest by nominal GDP.